The 3x + 1 conjecture is also known as the Collatz conjecture. The Collatz conjecture is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics. The conjecture asks whether repeating two simple arithmetic operations will eventually transform every "Positive Integer" into 1.
Consider the following operation on an arbitrary positive integer:
If the number is even, divide it by two.
If the number is odd, triple it and add one.
Every number ends up in the 4-2-1 loop, always! Try it to see it!
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